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History of Seattle before white settlement (詳細はSeattle. The people living near Elliott Bay, and along the Duwamish, Black and Cedar Rivers were collectively known as the ''doo-AHBSH'', or People of the ''Doo'' ("Inside"). Four prominent villages〔Dailey (2006-06-14)〕 existed near what is now Elliott Bay and the (then-estuarial) lower Duwamish River. Before civil engineers rechanneled the Duwamish, the area had extensive tidelands, and had an abundance of seafoods.〔Speidel (1967)〕 The people living around Lake Washington were collectively known as ''hah-choo-AHBSH'' or ''hah-chu-AHBSH'' or ''Xacuabš'', People of ''HAH-choo'' or ''Xachu'', "People of a Large Lake" or "Lake People". When major European contact began, these people considered themselves related but distinct from the ''Dkhw'Duw'Absh''. The lake drained by the Black River in what is now Renton. The Black River joined the Cedar and White (now Green) rivers to become the Duwamish River and empty into what is now referred to as southeast Elliott Bay.〔(1) Dorpat (May 2005, Essay 3380) (2) Talbert (2006-05-01)〕 As European contact continued and increased, the ''hah-choo-AHBSH'' (''Xacuabš'') and ''doo-AHBSH'', (''Dkhw'Duw'Absh'') became identified as the people represented by the Duwamish tribe. The people are Coast Salish, and (Skagit-Nisqually) Lushootseed by language.〔Lakw'alas (Speer) (2004)〕 Prairie or tall grassland areas (anthropogenic grasslands) grew in what is now Belltown, South Lake Union, Brooklyn in the University District (map ()), along what is now Sand Point Way NE (map ()), Brighton–Seward Park,〔Talbert (2006-05-01)〕 Georgetown, and likely Alki, among others.〔Anderson & Green (2001-05-27)〕 The ''Liq'tid'' (''LEEK-teed'') or Licton Springs area was used as a spiritual health spa. Cranberries were harvested from the ''Slo'q `qed'' (''SLOQ-qed'', bald head) 85 acre (34 hectare) marsh and bog at what is now the North Seattle Community College garage, Interstate 5 interchange, and Northgate Mall of Northgate, the headwaters of the south fork of Thornton Creek. Open areas for game habitat were maintained by selective burning every few years, another application of anthropogenic grasslands.〔Sheridan & Tobin; Wilma, ed. (2001-07-17)〕 ==Downtown and lower Duwamish River== ''dzee-dzee-LAH-letch'' was the most important village on what is now called Elliott Bay, with some 200 people c. 1800.〔Northwest Coast native populations crashed 1774-1874. ((1999) )〕 Chief Seattle (Si'ahl ) lived here for some time. The village had eight large ''khwaac'ál'al'' (longhouses)—each 60 feet by 120 feet (18 m x 37 m)—plus a large potlatch house, where people from all over the area gathered. ''dzee-dzee-LAH-letch'' ("little crossing-over place") was located near the trail: appropriately, where the King Street Station was later built. Before the extensive tidelands were filled in, there was a spit here, separating Elliott Bay from a lagoon known for flounder. ''tohl-AHL-too'' ("herring house") and later ''hah-AH-poos'' ("where there are horse clams") was on the west bank of the Duwamish River near its former estuarial mouth on Elliott Bay, located around what is now south Harbor Island. This was the original village site that had been inhabited since the 6th century (see also Duwamish tribe#History).〔Or for at least 1,400 years ((2004-05-13) )〕 It was abandoned sometime before 1800, but there elders reported that the village had seven (60 ft by , 18 m x 37 m) longhouses plus a large (60 ft by , 18 m x 110 m) potlatch house. At the successor village nearby there were three longhouses occupied by 75-100 people. The Duwamish was a bountiful estuary, a powerful meandering river with extensive tidal flats and wildlife, when pioneer John Pike officially bought the land from the U.S. government in 1860, soon after the Treaty of Point Elliott, 1855. Local shipyards built fishing boats for European immigrants until the resource diminished. The site was being cleared of buildings to construct a marine terminal when archaeological discoveries in 1977 halted further development.〔McDonald (2004-05-13)〕 This site is in what is now known as Herring House Park (Herring's House Park), just north of Terminal 107 (map ()). The site overlooks Kellogg Island and a natural channel of the river. The park contains a natural intertidal basin at the shoreline and areas of marsh, meadow and forest in the upland portion. In season, the park has hundreds of juvenile fish, and migrating salmon which attract harbor seals, ospreys, and bald eagles and provide habitat for cormorants, great blue herons, purple martins () and other native waterfowl.〔(1) Bounds (2001-06-13) (2) Ith (2004-10-03)〕 Overlooking the park is the site of the planned Duwamish Tribe cultural center (above). Above the contemporary Duwamish Center is the restored and partially daylighted watershed of ''to-AH-wee'' (trout),〔 〕 now called (Longfellow Creek ), just over the ridge that is now called Delridge. Puget Creek was the freshwater resource (and a fishery, in season) for the village. Much of Puget Park is now a natural area, along with others nearby. Eventually, with ongoing volunteer effort, the surroundings will have restored areas and views.〔 〕 ''too-PAHLH-tehb'' was at the mouth of the easternmost estuary of the Duwamish River, approximately 1st Avenue at Spokane Street. ''yee-LEH-khood'' ("basket cap" like those worn by the Yakama people) was a particularly long-established village on the then-west bank of a bend in the Duwamish River, in what is now Terminal 107 Park, the higher ground of the Port of Seattle terminal. The ''kehl-kah-KWEH-yah'' ("Proud People") had their village at ''too-KWHEHL-teed'' ("a large open space") farther upstream at a former bend of the Duwamish, in what is now south Georgetown. The large open space was likely artificially maintained. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Seattle before white settlement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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